France: The Dark Years, 1940-1944In this monumental new account of the Vichy years, Julian Jackson examines French experiences of Occupation during the 'Black Years' of 1940-4. Pulling together previously separate 'histories' of occupation, resistance, and collaboration he presents a definitive history of the period. This isa more complex history than the traditional dichotomy between 'collaboration' and 'resistance', one in which the ideological frontiers between Vichy and the Resistance were often blurred. This study ranges from the politics of Marshal Petain's regime to the experiences of the ordinary Frenchpeople, from surrender in 1940 to the purges of liberation. The author restores the organized Resistance to a more central role than has been customary in recent years and presents a new social history of the resistance which takes in the roles of foreigners, women, Jews, and peasants. He uncoversthe long term roots of the Vichy regime in political and social conflict and cultural crisis stretching back to the Great War and concludes by tracing the lasting legacy and memory of Occupation since 1945. |
Contents
Introduction Historians and the Occupation | 1 |
Introduction | 23 |
Class WarCivil War | 65 |
The German Problem | 81 |
Prelude to Vichy | 97 |
The Debacle | 112 |
Introduction | 139 |
Collaborationism | 190 |
Vichy and the Jews | 354 |
Introduction | 385 |
The Free French | 389 |
The Resistance | 402 |
De Gaulle and the Resistance | 427 |
Power Struggles | 447 |
Resistance in Society | 475 |
Introduction | 527 |
Laval in Power | 213 |
Introduction | 239 |
Propaganda Policing and Administration | 246 |
Public Opinion Vichy and the Germans | 272 |
Intellectuals Artists and Entertainers | 300 |
Reconstructing Mankind | 327 |
Liberations | 544 |
A New France? | 570 |
Epilogue Remembering the Occupation | 601 |
Mitterrands Memories | 621 |
637 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Abetz Action française Allied années anti-Semitic April Armistice arrested August authority became British Brossolette Burrin camps Catholic CDLs cent CFLN collaboration Collaborationism collaborationist Committee Communists Conseil conservative Cordier Crémieux-Brilhac cultural d’Astier Daladier Darlan Déat December département Doriot Douzou Drieu fascist February film France à l’heure France libre France’s Free French Frenay Gaulle Gaulle’s Gaullist Germans Giraud guerre Guillon Histoire historian Hitler Ibid idea insurrection intellectuals Jean Moulin Jewish Jews July June Kedward l’État la Résistance Laval Libération Libération-Nord Libération-Sud London Maquis Marcot Maurice Maurras Mémoires military Minister movements National Revolution Nazi newspaper North Africa November Occupation Occupied Zone October organization Paris Party Paxton Pétain Pétainist Pierre Pierre Laval political Popular Front population prefects propaganda Radicals regional represented Republican République Résistance Resistance leaders role Rousso September social Socialists sous l’Occupation tion Vichy France Vichy regime Vichy’s wanted Weygand Wieviorka women workers writers wrote