Reference Architecture

In this paper, we present an improved biometric identity based encryption scheme which is based on Baek et al's scheme. By using fuzzy extractor to construct the public key of a user, we reduce the number of exponentiations of encryption algorithm, the number of MaptoPoint hash function and the length of ciphertext from O(n) to O(1). Furthermore, we proved the proposed scheme satisfy the security requirement under indistinguishability of encryptions under fuzzy selective-ID, chosen plaintext attack (IND-FSID-CPA).

Many industries, such as manufacturing, aviation, and power generation, employ sensitive measurement devices to be calibrated by certified experts. The diversity and sophistication of measurement devices and their calibration needs require networked and automated solutions. Internet of Measurement Things (IoMT) is an architectural framework that is based on the Industrial Internet of Things for the calibration industry. This architecture involves a layered model with a cloud-centric middle layer. In this article, the realization of this conceptual architecture is described. The applicability of the IoMT architecture in the calibration industry is shown through an editor application for Scope of Accreditation. The cloud side of the implementation is deployed to Microsoft Azure. The editor itself is created as a cloud service, and IoT Hub is used to collect data from calibration laboratories. By adapting the IoMT architecture to a commonly used cloud platform, considerable progress is achieved to encompass Metrology data and serve the majority of the stakeholders.

Firmen verwenden moderne Software-Applikationen häufig, um Aufgaben des täglichen Geschäftsalltags zu organisieren und unterstützend abzuarbeiten. Mitarbeitern wird dadurch die Möglichkeit gegeben miteinander Computer-unterstützt an Aufgaben bzw. Aufgabenketten zu arbeiten. Weiters ermöglicht es die Kollaboration mit externen Partnern auf eine automatisierte Weise. Unternehmensarchitekturen bilden solche Organisationsstrukturen ab und definieren, wie eine Firma ihre geschäftlichen Tätigkeiten ausführt. In solch einer Unternehmensarchitektur sind Geschäftsprozessmodelle ein integraler Bestandteil, da sie spezifizieren, wie Aufgaben organisiert sind, wer verantwortlich ist und mit welchen externen Partner zusammengearbeitet wird. Sie beschreiben also den Ablauf von komplexen Aufgabenabfolgen. Traditionelle Software-Lösungen spiegeln diese Unternehmensarchitektur oft nicht wieder, beziehungsweise implementieren dessen Logik oft direkt im Programmcode. Adaptierungen der Software, zum Be...

A group signature scheme allows any group member to sign on behalf of the group in an anonymous and unlinkable fashion. In the event of a dispute, a designated trusted entity can reveal the identity of the signer. In this paper we propose a revocation method for group signatures based on the group signature scheme from . This method requires no time periods and offers constant length signatures.

Our extensive research has indicated that high-school teachers are reluctant to make use of existing instructional educational software . Even software developed in a partnership between a teacher and a software engineer is unlikely to be adopted by teachers outside the partnership . In this paper we address these issues directly by adopting a reusable architectural design for instructional educational software which allows easy customisation of software to meet the specific needs of individual teachers. By doing this we will facilitate more teachers regularly using instructional technology within their classrooms. Our domain-specific software architecture, Interface-Activities-Model, was designed specifically to facilitate individual customisation by redefining and restructuring what constitutes an object so that they can be readily reused or extended as required. The key to this architecture is the way in which the software is broken into small generic encapsulated components with minimal domain specific behaviour. The domain specific behaviour is decoupled from the interface and encapsulated in objects which relate to the instructional material through tasks and activities. The domain model is also broken into two distinct models -Application State Model and Domainspecific Data Model. This decoupling and distribution of control gives the software designer enormous flexibility in modifying components without affecting other sections of the design. This paper sets the context of this architecture, describes it in detail, and applies it to an actual application developed to teach high-school mathematical concepts.

As software architecture is becoming an important asset in the development of software systems, the study of quantitative assessment of software architectures is gaining importance due to its role in assessing their quality. Error propagation between software system components is a quantitative factor that reflects on the reliability of a software product. We introduce a framework for experimental error propagation analysis. This framework addresses the problem of estimating error propagation at the architecture ...

The delayed delivery of the AIRBUS A380© demonstratest he challenges to be faced in the field ofc ross-company collaboration today. On the one hand, available CWE platforms are used insufficiently. On the other hand, they do not yet support collaboration in a completely adequate way. This paper illustrates the current state ofCWE practice by way of a sample company, its internal and external collaboration processes and the services used.Improvements provided by major vendors in the domain of commercial CWE platforms and the current techniques of Web-2.0 are analysed with regard to the concept of contextbased communities that ought to be applied within any CWE efforts accordingto this paper.

With the ever-increasing volume of data and the demand to analyze and comprehend it, graph processing has become an essential approach for solving complex problems in various domains, like social networks, bioinformatics, and finance. Despite the potential benefits of current graph processing platforms, they often encounter difficulties supporting diverse workloads, models, and languages. Moreover, existing platforms suffer from limited portability and interoperability, resulting in redundant efforts and inefficient resource and energy utilization due to vendor and even platform lock-in. To bridge the aforementioned gaps, the Graph-Massivizer project, funded by the Horizon Europe research and innovation program, conducts research and develops a high-performance, scalable, and sustainable platform for information processing and reasoning based on the massive graph (MG) representation of extreme data. In this paper, we briefly introduce the Graph-Massivizer platform. We explore how the emerging serverless computing paradigm can be leveraged to devise a scalable graph analytics tool over a codesigned computing continuum infrastructure. Finally, we sketch seven crucial research questions in our design and outline three ongoing and future research directions for addressing them. • Theory of computation → Graph algorithms analysis; • Computer systems organization → Cloud computing.

As enterprises explore integrating AI-driven functionality into existing infrastructure, the dominance of Python in the AI ecosystem presents integration challenges for systems based on statically typed platforms such as .NET Core 8. This paper outlines a system architecture in which a Pythonbased sidecar microservice is used to perform local inference and semantic enrichment alongside .NET services, without modifying existing application logic or introducing external cloud dependencies. The design introduces a language-agnostic communication protocol, the Model Context Protocol (MCP), to standardize the exchange of context and inference directives between .NET Core 8 services and the Python sidecar. The sidecar handles inference tasks such as intent classification, metadata enrichment, or content transformation using locally deployed LLMs or language processors. The architecture is designed for internal network or on-premise environments, where network security, data residency, or infrastructure policy prohibits reliance on external AI APIs. Although the system described here is scoped to .NET Core 8 and Python, the integration strategy can generalize to other enterprise platforms with similar constraints.

The internetwork system between Future IP Networks and ZigBee Wireless Networks has two main approaches; the SIP Proxy Based approach, and the ZigBee Stack Based approach. Because of the dynamic nature of the ZigBee devices, both approaches need to be improved to support the connectivity system and the Quality of Service (QoS) for different types of sensing and actuating applications. This paper proposes an initial design for a modified version of SIP (Mod-SIP) for ZigBee Stack Based approach. In addition, the paper introduces the Combined Approach which is an enhanced internetwork system used to provide more reliable and flexible connectivity system between ZigBee WPANs, and the IP clouds. An initial design and simulation efforts on OPNET implemented to study the current approaches and compare it with the proposed approaches. It shows that the SIP Proxy Based approach is not efficient for Future IP Networks applications as it has a high rate of End-to-End delays because of the lack of flexibility between SIP signaling system and the ZigBee WPANs. The initial investigations shown that the Combined approach can provide more reliable connectivity system with the support for the QoS for different types of instantaneous applications such as VoIP and video conferencing.

Software architecture allows us to make many decisions about a software system and analyze it even before it has been implemented, so as to make planned development possible. Similarly, architecture-based software evolution planning makes planned evolution possible by allowing us to make many decisions about the evolution of a software system and to analyze its evolution at the level of architecture design before software evolution is realized. In this paper, we develop a framework for architecture-based software evolution planning. It is done by defining various foundational terms and concepts, providing a taxonomy of software evolution plans, and then showing how to calculate values for various types of plans. By identifying and defining constituent foundational concepts, this conceptual framework makes precise the notion of "architecture-based software planning". By developing a value-calculation framework for software evolution plans, it also provides a basis for concr...

Cloud computing may well become one of the most transformative technologies in the history of computing. Cloud service providers and customers have yet to establish adequate forensic capabilities that could support investigations of criminal activities in the cloud. This paper discusses the emerging area of cloud forensics, and highlights its challenges and opportunities.

This article presents a model for describing the architecture of software-intensive systems, based on the use of multiple, concurrent views. This use of multiple views allows to address separately the concerns of the various 'stakeholders' of the architecture: end-user, developers, systems engineers, project managers, etc., and to handle separately the functional and non functional requirements. Each of the five views is described, together with a notation to capture it. The views are designed using an architecture-centered, scenariodriven, iterative development process.

Nowadays, governments are facing new opportunities to streamline their processes through e-Government initiatives. Although organizations already seek to manage their information through information systems, it is also essential to properly manage the records produced in business processes. But embodying requirements for Records Management into the organization's systems raises several organizational challenges. So there is a need to provide guidelines and methodologies that will help organizations to define records management requirements and apply records management policies and procedures. A Reference Architecture is seen as a way of discussing and describing domain-specific architectures for further practical reuse. As such, it could provide a comprehensive framework to incorporate records management requirements and assist organization's stakeholders through the challenge of developing records management projects.

Software architectures are often claimed to be robust. However, there is no explicit and concrete definition of software architecture robustness. This paper gives a definition of software architecture robustness and presents a set of architecture metrics that were applied to real-time telecommunications software for the evaluation of robustness. The purpose of this study is to provide a structured method to support software architecture evaluations and downstream software implementations. The study also expands the software architecture research to quantitative and measurable evaluations as opposed to qualitative assessments. In addition, this paper presents an empirical case study of applying the metrics. The approach and the metrics data provide insights into software architecture sensitivity analysis on system qualities and trade-off analysis among a set of design alternatives to support product evolution.

Design combinatorial theory for test-case generation has been used successfully in the past. It is useful in optimizing test cases as it is practically impossible to exhaustively test any software system. The same concept can be applied while doing high level architecture analysis of a software system. In software architecture analysis, the architect often analyzes different scenarios that a system may experience during its lifecycle to ensure that all or most possible scenarios are covered in the design. Usually, the analysis is conducted manually in an ad-hoc fashion and scenarios are executed separately. However, some important use cases that involve multiple concurrent scenarios may be overlooked with this approach. Software architecture analysis is critical, especially for real time telecommunications systems. More formalis m or robustness needs to be considered in the evaluation process, particularly for reliability. This paper demonstrates application of the design combinatorial theory based technique and tool to software architecture reliability analysis of a practical real-time software system.

Software evolution is inevitable due to changes in requirements and technology. Software quality and productivity are critical to software evolution. Architecture-centric evolution has the advantage of improving quality attributes; however, it does not directly address the issue of the time needed for evolution. This paper proposes an architecture-centric program transformation approach to support both quality and productivity concerns. The approach emphasizes the analysis of similarities and differences among architecture alternatives, which facilities the tool development for architecture evolution or evaluation. A tool was constructed to automatically transform a program to another form based on user's selection. The tool currently supports the transformation of one traditional design to the other two commonly used architecture patterns in distributed and concurrent systems.

With the rise of virtualization technologies and the rapid advancement of cloud computing, serverless architectures have emerged as a transformative paradigm for building scalable, cost-efficient, and event-driven applications without the complexities of managing underlying infrastructure. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of serverless cloud computing and its potential to modernize retirement benefit calculations by offering an adaptable and resource-efficient alternative to traditional computing models. Beginning with a review of the evolution of cloud service models-Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)-the study delves into the fundamental differences between Function as a Service (FaaS) and Backend as a Service (BaaS), which together underpin the core of serverless computing. It provides a comparative analysis of major serverless platforms, including AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions, examining factors such as scalability, language support, pricing models, and integration capabilities. Building on this technical foundation, the paper investigates how serverless computing can support real-time benefit projections, dynamic annuity modeling, and automated data processing within pension systems by seamlessly integrating with payroll systems, actuarial databases, and regulatory frameworks. It further proposes a serverless framework that incorporates AI-powered analytics to enable intelligent fund allocation, personalized retirement planning, and continuous compliance monitoring.

For large component-based applications, identifying a valid deployment architecture has emerged as a major challenge. Actually, this deployment architecture (i.e, allocation of software components to its hardware hosts) should satisfy various constraints related to the software components and the target environment such as the hierarchical description of components, their connections and the resource constraints. The numerous constraints make hard to construct manually the correct deployment architecture. In this work, we propose a formal method based on a formal language called BRS (Bigraphical Reactive System) in order to guarantee the correctness of the deployment architecture. Furthermore, in order to support its automatic construction, our proposed method follows a multi-scale modeling. In fact, the designer starts by modeling the first scale architecture which is refined automatically by successively adding smaller scale components until obtaining the deployment architecture at the last scale. This refinement is ensured by applying a set of rules. In this paper, we address communicating systems as a study domain.

In the literature of software engineering, many approaches have been proposed for the recovery of software architectures. These approaches propose to group classes into highly-cohesive and looselycoupled clusters considered as architectural components. The recovered architecture plays mainly a documentation role, as high-level design views that enhance software understandability. In addition, architecture recovery can be considered as an intermediate step for migration to component-based platforms. This migration allows to fully benefit from all advantages brought by software component concept. For that, the recovered clusters should not be considered as simple packaging and deployment units. They should be treated as real components: true structural and behavior units that are instantiable from component descriptors and connected together to materialize the architecture of the software. In this paper, we propose an approach for revealing component descriptors, component instances and component-based architecture to materialize the recovered architecture of an object-oriented software in component-based languages. We applied our solution onto two well known component-based languages, OSGi and SOFA.

Architecture constraints are specifications which enable developers to formalize design rules that architectures should respect, like the topological conditions of a given architecture pattern or style. These constraints can serve as a documentation to better understand an existing architecture description, or can serve as invariants that can be checked after the application of an architecture change to see whether design rules still hold. Like any specifications, architecture constraints are frequently subject to reuse. Besides, these constraints are specified and checked during architecture design time, when component descriptions are specified (or selected from repositories), then instantiated and connected together to define architecture descriptions. These two facts (being subject to reuse and instantiation/connection) make architecture constraints good candidates for component-based design within a unified environment. In this paper, we propose a component model for specifying architecture constraints. This model has been implemented as an extension to an ADL that we have developed, which is called CLACS. The obtained process advocates the idea of specifying architecture constraints using the same paradigm (of component-based development) as for architecture description. To evaluate the component model, we conducted an experiment with a catalog of constraints formalizing the topological conditions of architecture patterns. The results of this experiment showed that constraint specification is improved by this reuse-by-composition model.

Component-based software engineering provides for developers the ability to easily reuse and assemble software entities to build complex software. Component-based specification of software functionality has been and is largely addressed, however this is not yet the case for what concerns software non-functionality. In this paper, we propose a new way to express component-based software non-functional documentation, and we will focus more specifically on architecture constraints which formalize parts of architecture decisions, as executable, customizable, reusable and composable building blocks represented by components. Checking of architecture constraints is provided via service invocation through ports of a special kind of components, called constraint-components. The signatures of these checking services can be defined in required interfaces of business components, to document decisions taken while designing their architecture. They can also be part of other required interfaces of constraint components, making it possible to build higher-level or more complex constraints while reusing existing ones. We present an example of implementation of constraint components using, an ADL which is introduced in this paper. Architecture constraints can then be checked on the architecture of business components at design-time using the CLACS tool support, which has been implemented as an Eclipse plugin.

o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar esta dissertação através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. iii To my daughter and my family v 0 1. Acknowledgments Firstly, i'd like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Professor José Barata, who gave me the possibility to develop this dissertation in my area of interest, and above all, the opportunity to initiate my research career being involved in FP7 ProSEco project, which leveraged my academic and personal growth. To my co-supervisor, Giovanni di Orio, for all the orientation, teaching and support along these two years of development of this project. I'll be forever grateful for having him as a reference but most of all as a reliable friend, who is an honour to have as. A very special thanks to André Rocha who, as my professor, not only lead me to this path, but mostly as my co-worker in the R&D group, where he always provided me a huge help with the most availability. Also to my colleagues and friends from the R&D group, for all the help and good moments we passed: Pedro Monteiro, Mafalda Rocha and Ricardo Peres. For almost two years, everyday around you always brought motives to laugh while carrying on with our work. To all my family, brother André, and specially to my parents. There are not enough words that can express everything they thought me, and all the support they've given. My mother for the daily love, patience and motivation to carry on this way. To my father, for being my role model in life. Finally, a special thanks to my wife, Catarina, for all the support, dedication and tolerance given, which provided me the strength to move forward at the most difficult times, and the biggest thanks to my daughter Ândria, for everything. vii

Understanding quality attributes relationships impersonates a vital role in sustaining a sufficient level of quality to a software system. Furthermore, calibrating the relationships between system's quality attributes will not only affect its quality but also may reduce the development cost. However, this paper introduces a framework to explore the nature of the relationships between different quality attributes at a low level with the aid of architectural strategies (i.e. tactics). Additionally, this framework enables the software architects to calibrate and adjust the quality attributes relationships using two pieces of information, that is, tactics and scenarios. Furthermore, the developed framework enables software architects to have a rough measurement of the strength of the relationships between the quality attributes.

Architecture description languages are used to describe both the hardware and software architecture of an application, at system-level. The basic software components are intended to be developed independently, and then deployed on the described architecture. This separate development of the architecture and of the software raises the problem of early validation of the integrated system. In this paper, we propose to solve this problem by translating the architecture into an executable model, which can be simulated and validated together with the software components. More specifically, we consider the case where the architecture is described in the AADL language, and the software components are developed in some synchronous language like Scade or Lustre. We show how the architecture can be automatically translated into a non-deterministic synchronous model, to which the actual software component can be integrated. The result is an executable integrated synchronous model, which can be validated with tools available for synchronous programs. The approach is illustrated on an industrial case study extracted from an actual spatial system.

Officially standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as IMT-2020 and specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) starting from Release 15, the fifth generation of mobile telephony (5G) marks a revolutionary leap beyond its predecessors. Unlike incremental upgrades, 5G is designed as an end-to-end ecosystem enabling a fully mobile and connected society. It aims to deliver significantly improved services across several key dimensions: enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) offering peak data rates exceeding 10 Gbps; Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) targeting sub-millisecond latency for critical applications; and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) supporting connection densities greater than 1 million devices per square kilometer. These capabilities are enabled by foundational technologies such as 5G New Radio (NR) operating across diverse spectrum bands (sub-1 GHz to mmWave), network slicing allowing customized virtual networks, and edge computing bringing processing closer to the user. Compared to 4G/LTE, 5G offers substantial performance gains, including potentially 100 times faster speeds, drastically

The fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) represents a paradigm shift in
telecommunications, promising transformative capabilities through enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB),
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communications
(mMTC). This evolution is underpinned by novel architectural constructs including Service-Based
Architecture (SBA), However, these innovations concurrently introduce significant security and privacy
challenges, expanding the threat landscape beyond that of previous generations. Vulnerabilities manifest
in signaling protocols (HTTP/2, Diameter), susceptibility to sophisticated Distributed Denial of Service
(DDoS) attacks, new forms of spoofing, and risks inherent in virtualization, shared resources via slicing,
and distributed edge deployments. Traditional security models, often perimeter-based, prove insufficient
for this dynamic, decentralized ecosystem. This article presents an in-depth academic analysis of the 5G
architecture and its inherent security considerations, investigates the multifaceted threat landscape, and
critically examines the application of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) and Artificial Intelligence/Machine
Learning (AI/ML) as advanced mitigation strategies. Drawing upon established industry standards from
organizations such as 3GPP, ETSI, and NIST, the analysis evaluates the principles, implementation
models, benefits, and challenges associated with deploying ZTA and AI/ML in 5G environments. The
findings indicate that a synergistic integration of ZTA principles, dynamically enforced and optimized
through AI/ML capabilities, is essential for establishing a robust, adaptive, and privacy-preserving security
framework capable of addressing the unique challenges of the 5G era.

In this paper, a permutation scheme is introduced for Distributed Video Coding. The main goal is to preserve privacy and security in video surveillance video communications and can be adapted for other scenarios. The proposed approach consists to apply permutation based encryption to the DVC scenario. The permutation is defined by a secret key which is required at the decoder for decompression providing security. Simulation results show that the reference architecture and the permutation-based proposed have similar rate distortion performance.

Nowadays, governments are facing new opportunities to streamline their processes through e-Government initiatives. Although organizations already seek to manage their information through information systems, it is also essential to properly manage the records produced in business processes. But embodying requirements for Records Management into the organization's systems raises several organizational challenges. So there is a need to provide guidelines and methodologies that will help organizations to define records management requirements and apply records management policies and procedures. A Reference Architecture is seen as a way of discussing and describing domain-specific architectures for further practical reuse. As such, it could provide a comprehensive framework to incorporate records management requirements and assist organization's stakeholders through the challenge of developing records management projects.

Group signature schemes existentially provide anonymity, non-repudiation and can make a mobile device untraceable. But using group signature only in designing anonymous key exchange system is time wasting and consumes much of other computing resources hence the use of it must be minimal especially when deployed on resources-constrained mobile devices. In .this paper, we propose the combined use of group signature because of its inherent security properties which are very important when a mobile user roams in the insecure wireless network and message authentication code to reduce the huge computational burden occasioned by group signature’s expensive public key operations resulting in unbearable authentication latency. In this paper, we built two authenticators, a signature based authenticator and a message authentication code based authenticator. These models are based on the Canetti-Krawczyk model. We implemented the design using Java 8 on Android Studio 2.2 and tested it on Genymo...

We propose a simplified but efficient scenario for a manned Mars mission. The idea is to select a crew of only 2 astronauts and to bring in situ resource utilization systems in the same vehicle. For security reasons, we suggest duplicating the mission as it was proposed by Von Braun. At very moment of the journey, the two vehicles would stay close so that each crew could provide help to the other. We show that this scenario is much simpler than the last design reference architecture proposed by NASA. The initial mass in low Earth orbit is minimized and the risks are also reduced. The total cost could be in the order of 40 billion dollars.

A new technique of spatio-temporal scalability coding is considered for video with bitrates of order of megabits per second. Both temporal and spatial resolutions are reduced for data transmitted in a base layer. The temporal resolution reduction is obtained ...

Cloud Computing is one of the most pervasive ICT changes of the last few years. Usually, Clouds offer a variety of Services, which are accessible over the Internet. These Services are regulated by some contracts called Service Level Agreements between Service providers and customers. The SLAs have already been introduced in Service Oriented Architectures in situations where some computing services need to be structured and regulated. In an SLA, the constraints of use, the duties and responsibilities of the parties involved, the charges and the service levels to guarantee, etc., are clearly stated by dedicated clauses. Despite the efforts made in systems security and the standardisation of SLAs, Cloud Services continues to suffer from various cybercriminal attacks, and unfortunately this phenomenon is likely to escalate within the next few years. It becomes urgent to take some countermeasures against these illegal practices to increase both the customer trust and quality of services of such new technologies. One of the alternatives for this phenomenon is to provide an efficient cloud Forensic Readiness System (FRS) to prevent and alert the provider and/or customer of any suspect attacks or strange behaviour. Much attention has been given to FRSs and they have certainly moved from simple log files and monitoring to very sophisticated components involving both human experts and computer analysis tools. In this paper we study the effect of SLAs on FRSs. As SLAs may be different from one jurisdiction to another we believe that FRSs should also comply with jurisdiction for more efficiency and speed of isolating and resolving forensic cases. Therefore, we propose an FRS that takes into account automatically SLAs and issue warnings and alerts to its users (providers and consumers) based on the jurisdiction and the nature of security breach and attacks. These SLAs are presented to the system as a set of rules (clauses). This will also prevent illegal data transfers and communications among different jurisdictions. Part of this paper will be dedicated to the formalisation of these SLAs and study its consequences on the FRS architecture and functioning. The rest of the paper will be dedicated to the design and development of the FRS reference architecture integrating the proposed SLA formal model.

In 2015, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) reinvigorated the development of the TDRSS Augmentation Service for Satellites (TASS). TASS is a global, space-based, communications and navigation service for users of Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS) and the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). TASS leverages the existing TDRSS to provide an S-band beacon radio navigation and messaging source to users at orbital altitudes 1400 km and below.

Real-time data processing has emerged as a cornerstone of modern cloud applications, necessitating innovative architectural designs. This paper presents an event-driven cloud architecture tailored for handling dynamic workloads and high-throughput data streams. By leveraging serverless computing, asynchronous communication protocols, and distributed message brokers, the architecture achieves unparalleled responsiveness and scalability. Comparative evaluations illustrate its superiority over traditional architectures in terms of latency, throughput, and fault resilience. The findings underscore the critical role of event-driven paradigms in addressing the challenges of real-time data-intensive applications within cloud environments.

In cloud-native and distributed computing environments, traditional methods of identity and access management have become insufficient due to the dynamic nature of workloads and the increasing need for zero trust security models. Ephemeral certificates provide a cryptographically secure, short-lived mechanism for authenticating both users and services without the need for persistent secrets. This paper explores how ephemeral certificates, in conjunction with microservices, mutual TLS, SPIFFE, service meshes, and sidecar proxies, create a scalable and secure authentication framework. Special attention is given to the role of ephemeral certificates in enabling passwordless user authentication and service-to-service communication, aligning with contemporary NIST zero trust guidelines. By examining standards-based practices and implementation examples, this paper illustrates the critical role these technologies play in modern cybersecurity and infrastructure resilience.

We present the RAGS (Reference Architecture for Generation Systems) framework: a specification of an abstract Natural Language Generation (NLG) system architecture to support sharing, re-use, comparison and evaluation of NLG technologies. We argue that the evidence from a survey of actual NLG systems calls for a different emphasis in a reference proposal from that seen in similar initiatives in information extraction and multimedia interfaces. We introduce the framework itself, in particular the two-level data model that allows us to support the complex data requirements of NLG systems in a flexible and coherent fashion, and describe our efforts to validate the framework through a range of implementations.

This live demonstration will involve spoken conversational interaction over the telephone with a system that provides information about a set of nearly 1000 restaurants in the Greater Boston area. Several aspects of our recent research in spoken dialogue system development will be illustrated, including (1) the extensive use of simulated dialogues both for system development and for generating training data for the recognition and understanding components, (2) the ability to tailor a generic dialogue manager to a specific domain through external declarative knowledge, (3) the ability to adjust the vocabulary on the fly to reflect specific entities retrieved from a database, (4) flexible summarization capabilities for lists of tuples, where the summary's content takes into account the distribution of attributes over values, and (5) a capability to back off to alternative suggestions when the database contains no items matching a user's specific requests.

The ordinary stereo image of an object consists of data of left and right views. Therefore, the left and right image pairs have to be transmitted simultaneously in order to display 3-dimentional video at the remote site. However, due to the twice data in comparing with a monoscopic image of the same object, it needs to be compressed for fast transmission and resource saving. Hence, it needs an effective coding algorithm for compressing stereo image. It was found previously that compressing left and right frames independently will achieve the compression ratio lower than compressing by utilizing the spatial redundancy between both frames. Therefore, in this paper, we study the stereo image compression technique based on the multiresolution wavelet transform using varied disparity-block size for estimation and compensation. The size of disparity-block in the stereo pair subbands are scaling on a coarse-to-fine wavelet coefficients strategy. Finally, the reference left image and residu...

The profound, pervasive and enduring consequences of ageing population present enormous challenges as well as enormous opportunities for Information and Communication Technology. The EU funded OASIS project, a Large Scale Integrated Project, is aimed to develop an open and innovative reference architecture, based upon ontologies and semantic services, that will allow plug and play and cost-effective interconnection of existing and new services in all domains required for the independent and autonomous living of the elderly and their enhanced quality of life. Among other technological advances, in OASIS we are developing a smart multisensorial platform for monitoring the lower limbs movements, as well as the muscular activations. We are using unobtrusive integrated sensors to transduce posture and kinematic variables and to acquire surface Electromiography (sEMG). The platform is able to analyze and merge the sEMG signals and kinematics variables to provide a single coherent dynamic information of the acquired movements. A Predictive Dynamic Model (PDM) based on machine learning techniques assesses the physiological muscular recruitments as well as muscular fatigue and physiological conditions.

This paper presents the cloud computing environment setup without any prior experience with the cloud. It provides a good understanding of concepts like virtualization, Kubernetes, Databases and Compute Engines it also discusses what future studies on this topic could be done and what the scope of growth in this field so that researchers can contribute to cloud computing and finds a new innovative way to do things. Beyond the technical setup, this paper explores the potential for future research and growth in the cloud computing field. With the rapid evolution of cloud technologies, there are numerous opportunities for researchers to innovate and develop new solutions. This paper aims to inspire further investigation into the potential of cloud computing, highlighting areas where contributions can lead to breakthroughs and novel approaches that enhance the efficiency, security, and scalability of cloud services. Result section presents the comparison of cloud service providers, their services, and models.

Design-time evaluation is essential to build the initial software architecture to be deployed. However, experts’ assumptions made at design-time are unlikely to remain true indefinitely in systems that are characterized by scale, hyperconnectivity, dynamism, and uncertainty in operations (e.g. IoT). Therefore, experts’ design-time decisions can be challenged at run-time. A continuous architecture evaluation that systematically assesses and intertwines design-time and run-time decisions is thus necessary. This paper proposes the first proactive approach to continuous architecture evaluation of the system leveraging the support of simulation. The approach evaluates software architectures by not only tracking their performance over time, but also forecasting their likely future performance through machine learning of simulated instances of the architecture. This enables architects to make cost-effective informed decisions on potential changes to the architecture. We perform an IoT case...

The Data Warehouse system has two main architectures, the first is called the data flow architecture, and the second is called the device architecture. The data flow architecture is concerned with describing the storage data warehouse in the data stores as well as the structure in which this data are stored, also representing the sequence of the data flows from the source systems to the users. The physical configuration of the servers, network, applications, storage, and clients is referred to as device architecture . Data Warehouse (DW) generalizes and consolidates data in multidimensional spaces, which construction entails data cleansing, integration, and transformation. Data can be viewed in many ways as a necessary phase in data mining, especially for visualization. Business executives may use data warehouse architectures and software to systematically coordinate, understand, and use their data to make strategic decisions. The data collected in a warehouse can be applied

The Specification and Description Language (SDL) and Message SequenceCharts (MSC) are formal description techniques which gain moreand more importance in the development and specification of complexreal-time systems, especially in the telecommunications area. SDL is usedto describe the structure and the functional behaviour of a system whileMSCs are used to describe its dynamic behaviour. Non-functional aspectssuch as costs, timing requirements, etc.