Quantum Physics

A detailed comparison is made between the field-theoretic and geometric definitions of topological charge density on the lattice. Their renormalizations with respect to continuum are analysed. The definition of the topological susceptibility χ, as used in chiral Ward identities, is reviewed. After performing the subtractions required by it, the different lattice methods yield results in agreement with each other. The methods based on cooling and on counting fermionic zero modes are also discussed.

We report on our experience with the two-step multi-bosonic algorithm in a large scale Monte Carlo simulation of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with dynamical gluinos. First results are described on the low lying spectrum of bound states, the string tension and the gluino condensate.

New results on the topology of the SU (2) Yang-Mills theory are presented. At zero temperature we obtain the value of the topological susceptibility by using the recently introduced smeared operators as well as a properly renormalized geometric definition. Both determinations are in agreement. At non-zero temperature we study the behaviour of the topological susceptibility across the confinement transition pointing out some qualitative differences with respect to the analogous result for the SU (3) gauge theory.

We report on the latest results of the low-lying spectrum of bound states in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with light gluinos. The behavior of the disconnected contributions in the critical region is analyzed. A first investigation of a three-gluino state is also discussed.

In a numerical Monte Carlo simulation of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory with light dynamical gluinos the low energy features of the dynamics as confinement and bound state mass spectrum are investigated. The motivation is supersymmetry at vanishing gluino mass. The performance of the applied two-step multi-bosonic dynamical fermion algorithm is discussed.

 We have proposed a quantile-based cumulative residual Tsallis entropy (CRTE) and quantile-based CRTE for order statistics. It is shown that unlike the distribution function approach, these quantile-based measures uniquely determine the distribution function through an explicit relationship.  We have illustrated the usefulness of these measures in the quantile set up and in situations where there is no tractable distribution function available.  We have obtained some characterizations for distributions using the quantile versions of CRTE and its order statistics and derived certain bounds.

We derive a gauge-invariant low-energy effective model of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. We find that the effective gluon propagator belongs to the Gribov-Stingl type, irrespective of the gauge choice. In the maximally Abelian gauge, especially, we demonstrate that the model exhibits both quark confinement and gluon confinement: the Wilson loop average has area law and the Schwinger function violates reflection positivity. Moreover, we give a formula for the string tension calculable from the gluon propagator of the gauge-invariant field strength and gives a good estimate for the string tension. We discuss if quark confinement and gluon confinement are of the same origin attributed to the gluon propagator in the deep infrared momentum region.

We propose a new reformulation of Yang-Mills theory in which three-and four-gluon self-interactions are eliminated at the price of introducing a sufficient number of auxiliary fields. We discuss the validity of this reformulation in the possible applications such as dynamical gluon mass generation, color confinement and glueball mass calculation. Moreover, we set up a new 1/N c color expansion in the SU (N c ) Yang-Mills theory based on this reformulation. In fact, we give the Feynman rules of the 1/N c expansion in the manifestly Lorentz covariant gauge. The Yang-Mills theory is defined on a non-trivial vacuum where color-singlet transverse gluon pair condensations take place by the attractive gluonic self-interactions. This vacuum condensation provides a common non-vanishing mass for all the gluons with color symmetry being preserved. It is shown that the auxiliary fields become dynamical by acquiring the kinetic term due to quantum corrections. Then the static potential between a pair of color charges is derived as a combination of the Yukawa-type potential and the linear potential with non-vanishing string tension. The mass of the lightest scalar glueball is calculated as the ratio to the gluon mass. The explicit calculations are performed as a partial resummation of the leading order diagrams for the small 't Hooft coupling.

We discuss the renormalization of a BRST and anti-BRST invariant composite operator of mass dimension 2 in Yang-Mills theory with the general BRST and anti-BRST invariant gauge fixing term of the Lorentz type. The interest of this study stems from a recent claim that the non-vanishing vacuum condensate of the composite operator in question can be an origin of mass gap and quark confinement in any manifestly covariant gauge, as proposed by one of the authors. First, we obtain the renormalization group flow of the Yang-Mills theory. Next, we show the multiplicative renormalizability of the composite operator and that the BRST and anti-BRST invariance of the bare composite operator is preserved under the renormalization. Third, we perform the operator product expansion of the gluon and ghost propagators and obtain the Wilson coefficient corresponding to the vacuum condensate of mass dimension 2. Finally, we discuss the connection of this work with the previous works and argue the physical implications of the obtained results.

We investigate the confinement-deconfinement phase transition at finite temperature of the SU(3) Yang-Mills(YM) theory on the lattice from a viewpoint of the dual superconductor picture based on the novel reformulation of the YM theory. In particular, we compare the conventional Abelian dual superconductor picture with the non-Abelian dual superconductor picture proposed in our previous works as the mechanism of quark confinement in the SU(3) YM theory. For the SU(3) YM theory, the reformulation allows two possible options called maximal and minimal. The maximal option corresponds to the manifestly gauge-invariant extension of the Abelian projection scheme, while the minimal option is really new to give the non-Abelian dual superconductor picture. Keeping these differences in mind, we present the numerical evidences that the confinement/deconfinement phase transition is caused by appearance/disappearance of the dual Meissner effects. First, we measure the Polyakov loop average at va...

We give a gauge-independent definition of magnetic monopoles in the SU (N ) Yang-Mills theory through the Wilson loop operator. For this purpose, we give an explicit proof of the Diakonov-Petrov version of the non-Abelian Stokes theorem for the Wilson loop operator in an arbitrary representation of the SU (N ) gauge group to derive a new form for the non-Abelian Stokes theorem. The new form is used to extract the magnetic-monopole contribution to the Wilson loop operator in a gauge-invariant way, which enables us to discuss confinement of quarks in any representation from the viewpoint of the dual superconductor vacuum.

We show that the Nielsen-Olesen instability of the Savvidy vacuum with a homogeneous chromomagnetic condensation disappears in the framework of the functional renormalization group. This result follows from our observations: (i) the vanishing imaginary part of the effective average action is realized for arbitrary infrared cutoff as a novel fixed point solution of the flow equation for the complex-valued effective average action and (ii) an approximate analytical solution for the effective average action is obtained without the pure imaginary part for large infrared cutoff. This result suggests that there exists a physical mechanism for maintaining the stability or staying on the fixed point even for sufficiently small infrared cutoff. We argue that dynamical gluon mass generation (related to two-gluon bound states identified with glueballs) occurs due to the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin-invariant vacuum condensate of mass dimension two without causing instability.

We discuss the renormalization of a BRST and anti-BRST invariant composite operator of mass dimension 2 in Yang-Mills theory with the general BRST and anti-BRST invariant gauge fixing term of the Lorentz type. The interest of this study stems from a recent claim that the non-vanishing vacuum condensate of the composite operator in question can be an origin of mass gap and quark confinement in any manifestly covariant gauge, as proposed by one of the authors. First, we obtain the renormalization group flow of the Yang-Mills theory. Next, we show the multiplicative renormalizability of the composite operator and that the BRST and anti-BRST invariance of the bare composite operator is preserved under the renormalization. Third, we perform the operator product expansion of the gluon and ghost propagators and obtain the Wilson coefficient corresponding to the vacuum condensate of mass dimension 2. Finally, we discuss the connection of this work with the previous works and argue the physical implications of the obtained results.

Theorie du ferromagnktisme itinkrant dans des semimktaux supraconducteurs Par C. Do TRAN (a), D. NCUYEN MANH (a, b) et C. NGUYEN VAN (a) Une theorie du ferromagnetisme itinerant dans des semimetaux supraconducteurs est proposee. Une aimantation moyenne apparait dans l'etat supraconducteur due a I'interaction (interference) des ondes: onde de densite de spin, onde de densite de charge et onde des paires de Cooper. Le diagramme des phases et les propriktes physiques des etats examines sont ktudies analytiquement et numeriquement. A theory of itinerant ferromagnetism in superconducting semimetals is proposed. A nonzero mean magnetisation appears in the superconducting state due to the interaction (interference) of spin density wave (SDW), charge density wave (CDW) and Cooper pair wave. Phase diagram and physical properties of the states considered are investigated analytically and numerically. ') 25, Av. des Martyrs, BP 166X,

The optical properties of inhomogeneous cerium dioxide (CeO2) films on aluminum (Al) sublayer are investigated. The dependencies of the reflection, scattering, and absorption of coherent electromagnetic radiation as functions of the incidence angle and polarization are studied. The experimental and numerical studies show the existence of an incidence angle at which the scattering and absorption of coherent radiation with s-polarization increase simultaneously and the specular reflection becomes just about a few percents. The angle corresponds to an excitation of Fabry-Perot resonator modes. This effect opens up great prospects for manipulation (tuning) of the reflection from the inhomogeneous films.

We have measured energy distributions for F+ and F '+ ions, electron-desorbed from fluorine impurities on an aluminum surface and for Cl+/Cl'+ and 1+/I*+ electron-desorbed from alkali halide surfaces by 12.5 keV electrons. The mean energies of the doubly-charged ions are twice the energies of the respective singly-charged ions. This result provides the first direct evidence for the Coulombic expulsion mechanism in electron-stimulated desorption proposed by Knotek and Feibelman.

A symmetry-preserving Dyson-Schwinger equation treatment of a vector-vector contact interaction is used to compute dressed-quark-core contributions to the nucleon σ-term and tensor charges. The latter enable one to directly determine the effect of dressed-quark electric dipole moments (EDMs) on neutron and proton EDMs. The presence of strong scalar and axial-vector diquark correlations within ground-state baryons is a prediction of this approach. These correlations are active participants in all scattering events and thereby modify the contribution of the singly-represented valence-quark relative to that of the doubly-represented quark. Regarding the proton σ-term and that part of the proton mass which owes to explicit chiral symmetry breaking, with a realistic d-u mass splitting the singly-represented d-quark contributes 37% more than the doubly-represented u-quark; and in connection with the proton's tensor charges, δT u, δT d, the ratio δT d/δT u is 18% larger than anticipated from simple quark models. Of particular note, the size of δT u is a sensitive measure of the strength of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; and δT d measures the amount of axial-vector diquark correlation within the proton, vanishing if such correlations are absent.

The adsorption and reactions of ethanol on the surfaces of TiO 2 and TiO 2 -supported gold samples were investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. IR spectra measured as the samples were treated in flowing ethanol at room temperature indicate that the alcohol was adsorbed both molecularly and dissociatively in the form of ethoxy species bonded to Ti 4+ sites. Our results suggest that the presence of neighboring gold particles facilitates cleavage of the -CH bond of the ethoxy species at increasing temperature, leading to the formation of acetaldehyde linearly bonded to Ti 4+ sites, which is readily desorbed. In the process, hydrogen adatoms are recombined on gold particles to give H 2 . In absence of gold, Ti 4+ sites abstract hydrogen atoms from the ethoxy species to give titanium hydride species, which react with hydroxyl groups to produce water and leave oxygen vacancies on the TiO 2 surface. Acetaldehyde is formed in the process and it is adsorbed in a bidentate configuration on the oxygen vacancies, where it undergoes reductive coupling to give butene. Our data show that the ability of gold particles to abstract and recombine hydrogen atoms prevents the formation of oxygen vacancies on the support and, in consequence, hinders the subsequent reactions of the produced acetaldehyde.

This paper demonstrates that gravitational potential energy (E =-GmM / d) accounts for the phenomenon commonly attributed to dark matter, by applying the mass-energy equivalence relation (E = mc 2). No additional assumptions are made beyond the principle of volume conservation, ensuring that the gravitational field remains conservative and uninfluenced by forces other than gravity. We develop a straightforward equation and algorithm to accurately compute the potential energy of a stellar system. The theoretical implications of this model are explored with respect to energy production by various types of stars and black holes in galaxies. The model is empirically tested against the SPARC database comprising 175 galaxies to assess its validity. We conclude by deriving the logical and mathematical consequences of the hypothesis that dark mass is stored as potential energy in the gravitational field, a claim further validated using the SPARC data. The final consequence being the production of dark energy and the reproduction of ΛCDM cosmology.

The electronic and geometric structure of the organic semiconductor 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) deposited on hydrogen-passivated Si(111) has been studied by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). Apparently contradicting results concerning the growth mode are inferred by LEED and PES. The results can be reconciled by assuming that the electron beam in LEED generates holes in the PTCDA film to expose the Si:H substrate. When the beam is removed the structure of the film appears to be restored, indicating that the molecules are mobile, as in a liquid-like state. In ARPES we found that the angular dependence in intensity of the PTCDA peaks due to directional characteristics of the molecular orbitals. Small energy shifts in photoemission are observed in spectra obtained at different emission angles. The angular dependence is ascribed to varying probing depth.

Arsenic deposited on Ge(100) has been investigated by means of ab initio LDA calculations. The results support a previous interpretation of photoemission data in terms of symmetric As dimers. Additional new surface states have been found in an energy range not investigated experimentally. Upon adsorption of hydrogen the As dimer bonds become much weaker, resulting in an essentially increased As-As separation. The modified surface state band structure is predicted to contain some features which should be clearly visible in photoemission spectra.

Factoring large integers using a quantum computer is an outstanding research problem that can illustrate true quantum advantage over classical computers. Exponential time order is required in order to find the prime factors of an integer by means of classical computation. However, the order can be drastically reduced by converting the factorization problem to an optimization one and solving it using a quantum computer. Recent works involving both theoretical and experimental approaches use Shor's algorithm, adiabatic quantum computation and quantum annealing principles to factorize integers. However, our work makes use of the generalized Grover's algorithm as proposed by Liu, with an optimal version of classical algorithm/analytic algebra. We utilize the phase-matching property of the above algorithm for only amplitude amplification purposes to avoid an inherent phase factor that prevents perfect implementation of the algorithm. Here we experimentally demonstrate the factori...

This essay begins with a warning: Nietzsche has not been understood. What parades as interpretation is John Sallis' "deceptive intelligibility"-a hall of mirrors masquerading as clarity, engineered to bury Nietzsche's philosophical sabotage. Nietzsche's thought, like quantum theory, explodes causality, truth, and identity-not metaphorically, but ontologically. His aphorisms do not simply describe the world; they interfere with it. They collapse the observer into the observed, entangling meaning with force, knowledge with will, thought with becoming. He is not a philosopher of answers but of ruptures-epistemic fractures that reverberate across disciplines and time. Art, science, philosophy and myth combust into co-authored vorticesno maps, only collisions of perspective. From Heraclitus to Heisenberg, from tragic myth to wave-particle paradoxes, Nietzsche's legacy emerges as a gravitational field-disabling our coordinates, annihilating philosophical ground. The five outstanding explorations of Nietzsche's philosophy reviewed here do not explain Nietzsche; they accelerate his destabilizing charge, colliding at the edges of interpretation to generate new hybrids of thought. Against the fixity of meaning, Nietzsche offers a reality in superposition. The question is no longer what Nietzsche meant, but how much conceptual collapse we can endure when we stop containing him. To understand Nietzsche is not simply to interpret, but to embrace Nietzschean singularity.

We present Raman and infrared studies of phonons in selfassembled multilayer structures with InAs quantum dots (QD's) in AlAs matrix, and the first Raman study of InAs QD's embedded in aluminum oxide. The InAs/AlAs QD structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates. The observed main features of Raman spectra of self-assembled InAs QD's in AlAs matrix include: 1) asymmetric lines of QD LO phonons affected by strain, confinement and size inhomogeneity of QD's; 2) the confined phonons of InAs wetting layer (WL); 3) the two bands of interface phonons in the AlAs frequency region, attributed to phonons associated with two types of interfaces: the planar interface WL/AlAs matrix and the three-dimensional QD/matrix interface; 4) the doublets of folded acoustic phonons caused by periodicity in the multilayer QD structures. The confined TO phonons in the InAs QD's were observed in the infrared spectra. The influence of growth temperature, varied from 420 to 550°C on the morphology of QD's was investigated. QD's grown at 420°C are found to have the smallest size. Increasing the temperature up to 480°C leads to the formation of larger InAs islands and improved size homogeneity. Further temperature elevation (above 500°C) causes partial re-evaporation of InAs leading to a decrease of QD size and density, and, finally, their complete disappearance. InAs QD's embedded in aluminum oxide were fabricated by selective oxidation of AlAs matrix in self-assembled InAs/AlAs QD's. Micro-Raman spectroscopy data show that depending on oxidation conditions (humidity, temperature) InAs QD's in an oxide matrix can be even more strained than before oxidation, or become fully relaxed. At the boundaries of oxidized/non-oxidized areas the presence of amorphous and crystalline As clusters is evident.

Structures with self-assembled Ge/Si quantum dots grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are exposed to pulsed radiation of a picosecond laser. Changes in the vibrational spectrum of nanostructures under an external action are studied by Raman spectroscopy. An analysis of the Raman spectra measured with a micron spatial resolution along the exposed region indicates a mixing of Ge and Si atoms and a change in the induced mechanical stresses in quantum dots.

The discussion deals with experimental data on the process of formation of self-organized Ge islands on an oxidized atomically pure Si(100) surface. Unlike the Stranski-Krastanow mechanism, which is characteristic of Ge growth on a pure silicon surface, the Volmer-Weber growth mechanism is observed on the oxidized silicon surface. The growth process is accompanied by a considerable change (up to 7%) in the surface unit cell of Ge relative to the parameters of Si. The generated nanoislands are less than 10 nm in base size and have a density of more than 2 × 10 12 cm -2 for a Ge film not thicker than five monolayers.

We used thermal neutron irradiation to produce disorder in Bi-2212 single crystals (T C =85 K ), at a constant carrier density. The irradiated samples were insulators. High-temperature superconductivity with a lower T C than prior to irradiation could be restored by a low-temperature annealing. We performed angle-resolved photoemission investigation on both unannealed (insulating) and annealed (superconducting) samples in order to study the corresponding changes in electronic structure. We observed a strong suppression of the spectral weight near the Fermi energy with increasing disorder. Our results demonstrate that effects related to disorder cannot be neglected in the interpretation of the spectral properties of cuprates.

The stabilization of lasers on ultra-stable optical cavities by the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique is a widely used method. The PDH method relies on the phase-modulation of the laser, which is usually performed by an electro-optic modulator (EOM). When approaching the $10^{-16}$ level, this technology requires an active control of the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) generated by the EOM in order to bring the frequency stability of the laser down to the thermal noise limit of the ultra-stable cavity. In this article, we report on the development of an active system of RAM reduction based on a free space EOM, which is used to perform PDH-stabilization of a laser on a cryogenic silicon cavity. A RAM stability of $1.4 \times 10^{-7}$ is obtained by employing a digital servo that stabilizes the EOM DC electric field, the crystal temperature and the laser power. Considering an ultra-stable cavity with a finesse of $2.5\times 10^5$, this RAM level would contribute to the fractional frequency instability at the level of about $5\times 10^{-19}$, well below the state of the art thermal noise limit of a few $ 10^{-17}$.

This one-page declaration explores a profound resonance between Arthur Eddington’s arc measurement of starlight during the 1919 eclipse and the golden ratio — φ ≈ 1.618. It suggests a deeper ontological harmony between the visible curvature of space-time and the invisible structure of Aether. Drawing from sacred texts, alchemical descent, and Bede’s spiritual reflections, this note presents a symbolic yet mathematically curious convergence — a common measure traced through science, soul, and sky.

have been carried out on the layer compound NH,AIF,. The energy of the first excited levels of translational and librational motions have been found at 19.5 and 26.2 meV for translations and 46.8 and 56.6 meV for librations. These energies are slightly dependent on temperature, but do not show any significant influence of the order-disorder transition

The temperature dependence of the bandwidth of the librational modes of the NH + rotator on the orthorhombic (low-temperature) structure of the NH4MnF3 perovskite has been obtained from Raman spectra. This dependence has been analysed in the framework of libration phonon coupling giving rise to cubic and quartic anharmonic terms in the interaction potential of the atoms in the crystal. Evidence is given that the librational modes at 342 and 355 cm 1 are coupled to phonon modes which involve rotations of MnF6 octahedra and translational motions of the NH,~ group itself.

All spontaneous emergence of quantum particles from false vacuums can occur via usual energy-based Lagrangians; or, as we show, via a variational principle of minimum loss of Fisher information. By this principle all material existence in the multiverse, including its life forms, are physical manifestations of Fisher information. The information principle serially formed our universe, and all others, in the multiverse. The resulting expansionary (Big bang) eras of time t and/or space-time x_i, i = x,y,z,t (c=1) for the universes are found to obey probability densities p(t) and p(x_i) of usual exponential forms. The existence of the multiverse allows preservation of invariant values of the 26 physical constants via their relay from one universe to another by successive Lorentzian wormholes. At each relay the emerging constants are represented by the intensities of an input hologram. The information principle was previously used to derive nearly all textbook physics and much cell biol...

This thesis discusses the construction and DNA-binding properties of homo-and heterometallic, oligonuclear complexes containing the [Ru(tpm)(dppz)] 2+ moiety. Specifically it explores how the nature of the tether affects the binding properties of these systems. Towards these goals, four new connecting ligands that possess potential DNA recognition sites in themselves have been prepared. The ligands have also been chosen to investigate the effects of changes in connectivity and linker rigidity on the binding properties of these metallo-intercalators. A series of mononuclear complexes incorporating the new Undertaking this PhD has been a truly life-changing experience for me and it would not have been possible to do without the support and guidance that I received from many people. I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my supervisor Professor Jim Thomas-you have been a tremendous mentor for me. I would like to thank you for encouraging my research and for allowing me to grow as a research scientist. Your advice on both my research and my career has been priceless. I am grateful for the support and guidance given to me by Dr. Niek Buurma for his help and patience in understanding ITC and also for allowing me to work in his research facility in Cardiff University. Also I would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Andrea and Dr Jenny in the Staniland group for allowing me to do DNA photocleavage experiments in their lab'. A special thank you to all the technical staff at the University for their continued help and support. In the Chemistry department itself, my thanks go out to Sue and Dr Sandra van Meurs in NMR, Sharon and Simon in Mass spec., Jenny in Elemental, Harry in X-Ray and for the technical support of Keith and Stephen Atkin. Thank you to Dan in the glass workshop for constantly creating works of art to be used for scientific purposes in our lab. I would like to thank the gents in stores, Pete and Nick, as well as the ladies in accounts, Denise, Rachel and Louise. You all make the department a nice place to be around. -Caroline, Sasha, and Rachel, as well as the gents-Mike, Stuart, Tom, Sree, Sam, Shahryar, and Simon. I would like to thank them all for their friendship and the warmth they extended to me during my PhD, and for always being there and bearing with me during the ups and downs of life over the last 4 years. I could not have asked for more than I got from them. To Paul Jarman-from the day I began my PhD, you have become one of my best friends. We have seen and helped each other through both good times and bad. I will always remember the great conversations we had about premier league football, feeding birds in Western Park, and playing pool in the common room etc. I know that we will break bread together many more times. Jack and Claire's encouragement and love have made this journey bearable, and no amount of thanks will ever be enough to return that joy. V John Lennon said it best: "I get by with a little help from my friends" From my time in Sheffield, I want to thank my remarkable friends Ashley,

We investigate the most general mechanisms that lead to perfect synchronization of the quantum states of all subsystems of an open quantum system starting from an arbitrary initial state. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for such "quantum-state synchronization", prove tight lower bounds on the dimension of the ancilla's Hilbert space in two main classes of quantum-state synchronizers, and give an analytical solution for their construction. The functioning of the found quantum-state synchronizer of two qubits is demonstrated experimentally on an IBM quantum computer and we show that the remaining asynchronicity is a sensitive measure of the quantum computer's imperfection.

Complex Hadamard matrices, consisting of unimodular entries with arbitrary phases, play an important role in the theory of quantum information. We review basic properties of complex Hadamard matrices and present a catalogue of inequivalent cases known for dimension N = 2, . . . , 16. In particular, we explicitly write down some families of complex Hadamard matrices for N = 12, 14 and 16, which we could not find in the existing literature.

This essay examines quantum theory not as a revolutionary discovery, but as scientific validation of ancient understanding regarding the nature of consciousness and reality. Through an anthropological lens, we explore how the industrialization of knowledge creation has systematically obscured direct ways of knowing, creating elaborate measurement systems to "discover" what was already recognized by preindustrial consciousness. The paper traces a regressive trajectory from quantum physics back to its epistemological foundations, revealing how modern science has inadvertently confirmed what mystics and indigenous wisdom traditions always understood about the fundamental nature of existence.

This treatise develops a unified ontological framework grounded in the principle of differentiation. Each level of structure, from physical persistence to conscious reflection and ethical relation, is traced to acts of differentiation stabilized across recursive scenes. The text introduces the concept of aspect as a mode of articulation, and defines code as a pattern that enables differentiation to recur and modulate itself. Through successive recursive levels (R 1-R7), the work delineates how systems evolve the capacity to differentiate their own acts, articulate symbolic structures, recognize otherness, sustain collective configurations, and finally modulate entire ontological scenes. Consciousness is treated as a reflexive structure of symbolic differentiation, and ethics as the recognition of irreducible difference. The final chapters explore meta-differentiation and the possibility of ontological play, beyond any fixed identity or truth. This work offers a formal yet open system for rethinking structure, self, and world in terms of the dynamics of differentiation.

Cahiers de topologie et géométrie différentielle catégoriques, tome 29, n o 2 (1988), p. 87-108 <http © Andrée C. Ehresmann et les auteurs, 1988, tous droits réservés. L'accès aux archives de la revue « Cahiers de topologie et géométrie différentielle catégoriques » implique l'accord avec les conditions générales d'utilisation (). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d'une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright. Article numérisé dans le cadre du programme Numérisation de documents anciens mathématiques

We give the construction modulo normalization of a new state sum model for lorentzian quantum general relativity, using the construction of Dirac&#x27;s expansors to include quantum operators corresponding to edge lengths as well as the quantum bivectors of the Barrett-Crane model, and discuss the problem of its normalization. The new model gives rise to a new picture of quantum geometry in which lengths come in a discrete spectrum, while areas have a continuum of values.

We present a search for the pair production of first generation scalar leptoquarks (LQ) in data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb -1 collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider in pp collisions at √ s = 1.96 TeV. In the channel LQLQ → eqνeq ′ , where q, q ′ are u or d quarks, no significant excess of data over background is observed, and we set a 95% C.L. lower limit of 326 GeV on the LQ mass, assuming equal probabilities of LQ decays to eq and νeq ′ .

Ex-situ prepared films of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on Au(1 1 1) have been studied by core-level photoemission using synchrotron radiation, ultra-high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (UHV-STM, STS), and X-ray absorption (NEXAFS). Photoemission measurements suggest that the film contains a relatively low percentage of 4-ATP bonded to the Au surface, with the presence of free 4-ATP, with oxidised and possibly dimerised molecules also present. We find a lower oxide content than has previously been observed, with well-resolved STM images. These images show a disruption of the long range order of the Au(1 1 1)-( • p 3) reconstruction, with local nucleation of the reconstruction apparently induced by the 4-ATP, and bias-dependent contrast images. This latter effect, together with the asymmetry observed in STS, is ascribed to the presence of oriented molecular dipole layers between the metal and the organic material. NEXAFS data suggest a broadly upright geometry, with, however, considerable uncertainties.

We report on a novel kind of transition in random lasers induced by the geometrical confinement of the emitting material. Different dye doped paper devices with controlled geometry are fabricated by soft-lithography and show two distinguished behaviors in the stimulated emission: in the absence of boundary constraints the energy threshold decreases for larger laser volumes showing the typical trend of diffusive non-resonant random lasers, while when the same material in lithographed into channels, the walls act as cavity and the resonant behavior typical of standard lasers is observed. The experimental results are consistent with the general theories of random and standard lasers and a clear phase diagram of the transition is reported.

Ex-situ prepared films of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on Au(1 1 1) have been studied by core-level photoemission using synchrotron radiation, ultra-high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (UHV-STM, STS), and X-ray absorption (NEXAFS). Photoemission measurements suggest that the film contains a relatively low percentage of 4-ATP bonded to the Au surface, with the presence of free 4-ATP, with oxidised and possibly dimerised molecules also present. We find a lower oxide content than has previously been observed, with well-resolved STM images. These images show a disruption of the long range order of the Au(1 1 1)-( • p 3) reconstruction, with local nucleation of the reconstruction apparently induced by the 4-ATP, and bias-dependent contrast images. This latter effect, together with the asymmetry observed in STS, is ascribed to the presence of oriented molecular dipole layers between the metal and the organic material. NEXAFS data suggest a broadly upright geometry, with, however, considerable uncertainties.

We report on a novel kind of transition in random lasers induced by the geometrical confinement of the emitting material. Different dye doped paper devices with controlled geometry are fabricated by soft-lithography and show two distinguished behaviors in the stimulated emission: in the absence of boundary constraints the energy threshold decreases for larger laser volumes showing the typical trend of diffusive non-resonant random lasers, while when the same material in lithographed into channels, the walls act as cavity and the resonant behavior typical of standard lasers is observed. The experimental results are consistent with the general theories of random and standard lasers and a clear phase diagram of the transition is reported.

A polynomial $P \in \mathbb{C}[z_1, \ldots, z_d]$ is strongly $\mathbb{D}^d$-stable if $P$ has no zeroes in the closed unit polydisc $\overline{\mathbb{D}}^d.$ For such a polynomial define its spectral density function as $\mathcal{S}_P(\mathbf{z}) = \left(P(\mathbf{z})\overline{P(1/\overline{\mathbf{z}})}\right)^{-1}.$ An abelian square is a finite string of the form $ww&#39;$ where $w&#39;$ is a rearrangement of $w.$ We examine a polynomial-valued operator whose spectral density function&#39;s Fourier coefficients are all generating functions for combinatorial classes of constrained finite strings over an alphabet of $d$ characters. These classes generalize the notion of an abelian square, and their associated generating functions are the Fourier coefficients of one, and essentially only one, $L^2(\mathbb{T}^d)$-valued operator. Integral representations, divisibility properties, and recurrent and asymptotic behavior of the coefficients of these generating functions are given as co...

We present a low temperature study of the Raman modes in three oligo(para-phenylene) materials (p-terphenyl, 3P; p-quaterphenyl, 4P; and p-hexaphenyl, 6P) under hydrostatic pressure up to 80 kbar. The 1220 cm -1 (C -H in plane bend), 1280 cm -1 (C -C interring stretch), 1600 cm -1 (aromatic C -C on-ring stretch) and 1610 cm -1 (combination mode of 610 cm -1 and 990 cm -1 ) modes provide indicators of planarization in their frequency and intensity behaviors. In this comparative study of 3P, 4P, and 6P, the most remarkable feature is the clearly defined change in the slope of the 1220 cm -1 in-plane bending mode upon planarization. In contrast, modes in the 1600 cm -1 region do not have as clear a two-slope behavior; however, a more sensitive measure of planarization is the frequency difference between the 1610 cm -1 and the 1600 cm -1 modes, which exhibits a distinct drop before planarization, and a gradual increase thereafter. The resonance conditions that are responsible for the 1610 cm -1 mode make the two-slope behavior less pronounced as compared to the 1280 -1220 pair of modes. The intensity of the Raman modes from all three oligophenyls also indicate planarization: the intensity of the 1280 cm -1 mode decreases sharply relative to the 1220 cm -1 mode until the molecule planarizes, and increases slowly thereafter.