The Quantum Beat: The Physical Principles of Atomic ClocksOne of the indicators of the level of technological development of a society has been, throughout history, the precision of clocks it was able to build. This book examines the physical principles underlying the workings of clocks--from the earliest mechanical clocks to the present-day sophisticated clocks based on the properties of individual atoms. Intended for non-specialists with some knowledge of physics or engineering,the book treats the material in a broad intuitive manner, with a minimum of mathematical formalism. The presentation covers a broad range of salient topics relevant to the measurement of frequency and time intervals. The main focus is on electronic time-keeping: clocks based on quartz crystal oscillators and, at greater length, atomic clocks based on quantum resonance in rubidium, cesium, and hydrogen atoms, and, more recently, mercury ions. The book treats the revolutionary changes that the optical laser has wrought on atomic standards through laser cooling and optical pumping, and it discusses the application of these clocks to global navigation--in particular Loran-C and the Global Positioning System. The book also touches on such topics as atomic resonance line shape, the relativistic Doppler effect and general notions of time, including the relativity of future and past, the clock paradox, the Sagnac effect and finally, time reversal symmetry. |
レビュー - レビューを書く
レビューが見つかりませんでした。
目次
LXXXVI | 198 |
LXXXVII | 201 |
LXXXVIII | 205 |
XC | 206 |
XCI | 207 |
XCII | 210 |
XCIII | 214 |
XCIV | 216 |
12 | |
14 | |
16 | |
19 | |
23 | |
24 | |
26 | |
29 | |
32 | |
33 | |
35 | |
37 | |
39 | |
43 | |
47 | |
50 | |
51 | |
54 | |
56 | |
58 | |
63 | |
66 | |
71 | |
73 | |
75 | |
76 | |
78 | |
80 | |
84 | |
88 | |
XLIII | 89 |
XLV | 90 |
XLVI | 91 |
XLVII | 92 |
XLVIII | 94 |
XLIX | 96 |
L | 98 |
LI | 99 |
LII | 101 |
LIII | 103 |
LIV | 104 |
LV | 109 |
LVI | 117 |
LVII | 118 |
LVIII | 122 |
LIX | 123 |
LX | 127 |
LXI | 128 |
LXII | 141 |
LXV | 142 |
LXVI | 144 |
LXVII | 146 |
LXVIII | 148 |
LXIX | 150 |
LXX | 153 |
LXXI | 159 |
LXXII | 161 |
LXXIII | 163 |
LXXIV | 164 |
LXXV | 167 |
LXXVI | 169 |
LXXVII | 172 |
LXXVIII | 173 |
LXXIX | 176 |
LXXX | 178 |
LXXXI | 179 |
LXXXII | 180 |
LXXXIII | 183 |
LXXXIV | 190 |
LXXXV | 196 |
XCV | 217 |
XCVI | 221 |
XCVII | 223 |
XCIX | 225 |
C | 228 |
CI | 235 |
CII | 245 |
CIII | 247 |
CIV | 250 |
CV | 253 |
CVI | 255 |
CVIII | 256 |
CIX | 259 |
CX | 267 |
CXI | 285 |
CXII | 286 |
CXIII | 288 |
CXIV | 292 |
CXV | 293 |
CXVI | 296 |
CXVII | 297 |
CXVIII | 301 |
CXIX | 307 |
CXXI | 312 |
CXXII | 317 |
CXXIII | 318 |
CXXIV | 322 |
CXXV | 327 |
CXXVI | 332 |
CXXVII | 334 |
CXXVIII | 339 |
CXXIX | 345 |
CXXXI | 346 |
CXXXII | 348 |
CXXXIII | 350 |
CXXXIV | 352 |
CXXXV | 353 |
CXXXVI | 356 |
CXXXVII | 357 |
CXXXVIII | 358 |
CXXXIX | 363 |
CXL | 369 |
CXLIV | 373 |
CXLV | 376 |
CXLVI | 382 |
CXLVII | 383 |
CXLVIII | 384 |
CXLIX | 390 |
CL | 395 |
CLII | 396 |
CLIV | 399 |
CLV | 400 |
CLVI | 406 |
CLVII | 407 |
CLVIII | 409 |
CLIX | 414 |
CLX | 419 |
CLXII | 420 |
CLXIII | 421 |
CLXIV | 422 |
CLXV | 429 |
CLXVI | 432 |
CLXVII | 449 |
CLXIX | 451 |
CLXX | 453 |
CLXXI | 457 |
CLXXII | 461 |
CLXXIII | 465 |
他の版 - すべて表示
多く使われている語句
absorption achieved amplitude angle angular momentum applied assume atoms average axis beam called cause cavity classical clock collisions component constant course crystal depends determined direction distribution Doppler effect electric electron emission energy equal example excitation fact Figure follows force frequency function given ground hyperfine important increase intensity interaction involved laser lead light limit lower magnetic field maser means measure microwave modes molecules motion natural noise observed occurs operating optical orbital oscillation output particle pass period phase photon polarization position possible precisely pressure probability produce pumping quantum quartz radiation range reach reference reflected region relative requires resonance respect result rotation satellites separated shift shown signal simply space spectral spectrum stability standard surface temperature theory tion transition trap velocity wave wavelength width zero
人気のある引用
v ページ - Autobiography, sadly remarked that "a new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it.
179 ページ - The second is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the fundamental state of the atom of cesium-133.
157 ページ - For a circular orbit, the magnitude of the rate of rotation (which we shall call "inertial rate") may be expressed as where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the earth, and R is the orbit radius.
205 ページ - Fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle...
179 ページ - Speaking for the governments represented, which include those of all the leading scientific and industrial countries, the Conference agreed overwhelmingly that the moment had come to replace the existing definition, based on the earth's orbital motion around the sun, by an "atomic definition." The Conference decided that : The unit of time of the International System of Units is the second, defined in the following terms: "The second is the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding...
396 ページ - This definition of the speed of light has led to a redefinition of the meter as the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second.
93 ページ - E'e (19) where m is the mass of the electron and v its velocity.
94 ページ - Broglie, a particle of mass m moving with a velocity V has a wave associated with it "guiding...
93 ページ - Rutherford the atom is pictured as a minute, positively charged nucleus which is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
85 ページ - The inverting output of each amplifier is connected to the input of the other amplifiers through a resistor of conductance 2i+J. The other input currents to each amplifier are provided through resistors of conductance 2' connected to the input voltage x and through resistors of conductance 2(2|~1) connected to a -1-V reference potential.