Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in floating wetland mat communities dominated by Typha

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Mycorrhiza Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Low levels of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae were present in floating mats dominated by clones of Typha angustifolia L., T. x glauca Godr., and T. latifolia L. Floating mats composed of rhizomes (underwater-ground stems with high starch accumulation), roots, decaying organic matter, and wind deposited soil, easily supported human activities. The majority of roots isolated from the root cores were connected to Typha rhizomes. Tests employing the gridline intersect method, intensity, spore counts and most probable number (MPN) were used to define the level of colonization. Mycorrhizal colonization from the T. angustifolia and T. x glauca clones averaged 4 to 5%, while the T. latifolia clone averaged 13%. When colonization was encountered, intensities varied from a high of 3.0 to a low of 0.4 on a sclae of 0 to 4. Although arbuscules were not found, abundant hyphae, vesicles and spores indicated that presumed facultative associations occurred between the vesicular arbuscular fungi and the indicated that presumed facultative associations plant communities found on floating mats. The mycorrhizal fungi identified from these communities in cluded Glomus albidum Walker & Rhodes, G. caledonium (Nicol. & Gerd.) Trappe & Gerdemann, G. etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann, and G. microcarpum Tul. & Tul. Spore counts ranged from 16 to 76 spores per gram dried organic soil. The recolonization ability of VAM propagules by way of a most probable number bioassay with maize yielded numbers that ranged from zero to 96 propagules per gram soil, with G. etunicatum the only species recovered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander M (1982) Most probable number method for microbial populations. In: Page AL (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2: chemical and microbiological properties, 2nd edn. Agronomy Monograph 9, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wis, pp 815–820

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali B (1969) Occurrence and characteristics of the vesicular arbuscular endophyte of Nardus stricta. Nova Hedwigia Kryptogamen 17:409–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen GD (1987) The biology and physiology of infection and its development. In: Safir GR (ed) Ecophysiology of VA mycorrhizal plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 27–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd CE (1969) Production, mineral nutrient and absorption, and biochemical assimilation by Justicia americana and Alternanthera philoxeroides. Arch Hydrobiol 66:139–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd CE (1970) Production, mineral accumulation and pigment concentrations in Typha latifolia and Scirpus americanus. Ecology 51:285–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd CE (1971) Further studies on productivity, nutrient and pigment relationships in Typha latifolia populations. Bull Torrey Bot Club 98:144–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd CE, Hess LW (1970) Factors influencing shoot production and mineral nutrient levels in Typha latifolia and Scirpus americanus. Ecology 51:285–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Crush JR, Hay MJM (1981) A technique for growing mycorrhizal clover in solution culture. NZJ Agric Res 24:371–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniels Hetrick BA (1984) Ecology of VA mycorrhizal fungi. In: Powell CL, Bagyaraj DJ (eds) VA mycorrhiza. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp35–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubbe DR, Garver EG, Pratt DC (1988) Production of cattail (Typha spp.) biomass in Minnesota, USA. Biomass 17:79–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Eassett NC, Calhoun B (1952) Introgression between Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia. Evolution 6:367–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferriss RS (1984) Effects of microwave oven treatments on microorganisms in soil. Phytopathology 74:121–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Fiala K, Kvet J (1971) Dynamic balance between plant species in South Moravian reedswamps. In: Duffey E, Watt AS (eds) The scientific management of animal and plant communities for conservation. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 241–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlayson CM, Chick AJ (1983) Testing the potential of aquatic plants to treat abattoir effluent. Typha spp., Phragmites and Scirpus. Water Res 17:415–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlayson CM, Roberts J, Chick AJ, Sale PJM (1983) The biology of Australian weeds. II. Typha domingensis Pers. and Typha orientalis Presl. J Aust Inst Agric Sci 49:3–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Garver EG, Dubble DR, Pratt DC (1988) Seasonal patterns in accumulation and partioning of biomass and macronutrients in Typha spp. Aquat Bot 32:115–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerdemann JW, Trappe JM (1974) The Endogonaceae in the Pacific Northwest. Mycol Mem 5:1–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Giovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol 84:489–500

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoagland DR, Snyder WC (1933) Nutrition of strawberry plant under controlled conditions: (a) effects of deficiencies of boron and certain other elements; (b) susceptibility to injury from sodium salts. Proc Am Soc Hort Sci 30:288–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotchkiss N, Dozier HL (1949) Taxonomy and distribution of North American cattails. Am Mid Nat 41:237–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley JE (1980) Endomycorrhizae influence growth of blackgum seedlings in flooded soils. Am J Bot 67:6–9

    Google Scholar 

  • King GM (1984) Methane production in Okefenokee peats. In: Cohen AD, Casagranda DJ, Andrejko MJ, Best GR (eds) The Okefenokee Swamp: its natural history, geology and geochemistry. Wetland Surveys, Los Alamos, pp 371–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Kormanik PP, McGraw A-C (1982) Quantification of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots. In: Schenck NC (ed) Methods and principles of mycorrhizal research. American Phytopathology Society St. Paul, Minn, pp37–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Kormanik PP, Bryon WC, Schultz RC (1980) Procedures and equipment for staining large numbers of plant root samples for endomycorrhizal assay. Can J Microbiol 26:536–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Koske RE, Tessier B (1983) A convenient, permanent slide mounting medium. Mycol Soc Am Newsletter 34:59

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvet J (1978) Growth analysis of fishpond littoral communities. In:Dykyjova D, Kvet J (eds) Pond littoral ecosystems: structure and functioning. Springer New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 198–206

    Google Scholar 

  • McGraw A-C, Hendrix JW (1984) Host and soil fumigation effects on spore population densities of species of endogonaceous mycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia 76:122–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Mejstrik V (1965) Study on the development of endotrophic mycorrhiza in the association of Cladietum marisci. In: Macura J, Vancura V (eds) Plant microbe relationships. Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, pp 283–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Mejstrik V (1984) Ecology of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae of the Schoenetum nigricantis bohemicum community in the Grabanovsky swamps reserve. Soviet J Ecol 15:18–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelsen CE, Safir GR (1982) Increased drought tolerance of mycorrhizal onion plants caused by improved phosphorus nutrition. Planta 154:407–413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neter J, Wasserman W, Kutner MH (1985) Applied linear statistical models, 2nd edn. Regression, analysis of variance and experimental designs. Irwin, Homewood, Ill

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolson TH, Gerdemann JW (1968) Mycorrhizal Endogone species. Mycologia 60:313–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfleger FL, Stewart EL (1989) Survey of the Endogonaceae in Minnesota with synoptic keys to genera and species. J Minn Acad Sci 54:25–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Pond EC, Menge JA, Jarrell WM (1984) Improved growth of tomato in salinized soil by vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi collected from saline soils. Mycologia 76:74–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Read DJ, Koucheki HK, Hodgson J (1976) Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in natural vegetation systems. 1. The occurrence of infection. New Phytol 77:641–653

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeley MW, Spoden GJ, Schrader CA (1988) University of Minnesota cooperative agriculture weather advisory program: 1987 crop season climatic data, University of Minnesota field research locations. Minnesota Extension Service AG-BU 2291

  • Smith SG (1986) The cattails (Typha). Interspecific ecological differences and problems in identification. In: Redfield G, Taggart JF, Moore LM (eds) Lake and reservoir management, vol 2. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Conferences and International Symposium on Lake and Watershed Management, Nov 1985. Lake Geneva. Wis., North American Lake Management Society, Washington DC, pp 357–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Søndergaard M, Laegaard S (1977) Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in some aquatic vascular plants. Nature (London) 268:232–233

    Google Scholar 

  • St John TV, Hunt HW (1983) Statistical treatment of VAM infection data. Plant Soil 73:307–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenlund DL (1990) The role of vesicular arbuscular mycorhizae in floating mats of Typha species in Minnesota. MS thesis, University of Minnesota

  • Tang F (1986) Colonization of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in Typha angustifolia. MS thesis, University of Minnesota

  • Tommerup IC, Kidby DK (1979) Preservation of spores of vesicular arbuscular endophytes by L-drying. Appl Environ Microbiol 37:831–835

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker C (1983) Taxonomic concepts in the Endogonaceae: spore wall characteristics in species descriptions. Mycotaxon 18:443–455

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson JM, Trinick MJ (1982) Factors affecting the estimation of numbers of infective propagules of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by the most probable number method. Aust J Soil Res 21:73–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Zar JH (1984) Biostatistical analysis, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biology Department, University of Minnesota, 55108-1095, St. Paul, MN, USA

    Dwayne L. Stenlund & Iris D. Charvat

Authors
  1. Dwayne L. Stenlund
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Iris D. Charvat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stenlund, D.L., Charvat, I.D. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in floating wetland mat communities dominated by Typha . Mycorrhiza 4, 131–137 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203772

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203772

Key words

Search

Navigation