No Choice But War: The United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the PacificIn July 1941 the United States, after a decade of worsening economic relations, announced a total embargo against Japan. The embargo had actually begun in 1940 with a so-called moral embargo under which U.S. exports of planes and war material to Japan were barred. In early 1941 Washington squeezed the Tokyo government further by unofficially tightening exports of petroleum. By December 1941, over 90 percent of Japan's oil supply was cut off, as was nearly 70 percent of its overall trade. From contemporary source documents, this is a detailed look at the U.S.-led embargo and how it contributed to Japan's decision to attack Pearl Harbor and declare war on the United States. |
Contents
1940 | 26 |
January to July 1941 | 44 |
An Appearance of TotalityThe Embargo | 62 |
Copyright | |
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No Choice but War: The United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption ... Roland H. Worth, Jr. No preview available - 2014 |
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action actual administration Advertiser already Ambassador American announced Army assets Associated Press attack August Britain British called carried China complete concerned continue countries course danger decision defense Department discussion Dutch Dutch East Indies early economic effect efforts embargo Empire existing exports fact figure force foreign freezing fuel further gasoline Hence History Ibid imports increase indicated industry iron issue Japan Japanese July later least licenses limited major materials means measures military months move navy needed negotiations Netherlands noted November obtain October official Pacific peace Pearl Harbor percent period permitted petroleum position possible potential present President Press pressure reason relations reserve restrictions result Roosevelt scrap Secretary September shipments situation sources step stressed supplies Table tion Tokyo trade United University Washington Post Western World York