Postcolonial English: Varieties around the WorldThe global spread of English has resulted in the emergence of a diverse range of postcolonial varieties around the world. Postcolonial English provides a clear and original account of the evolution of these varieties, exploring the historical, social and ecological factors that have shaped all levels of their structure. It argues that while these Englishes have developed new and unique properties which differ greatly from one location to another, their spread and diversification can in fact be explained by a single underlying process, which builds upon the constant relationships and communication needs of the colonizers, the colonized, and other parties. Outlining the stages and characteristics of this process, it applies them in detail to English in sixteen different countries across all continents as well as, in a separate chapter, to a history of American English. Of key interest to sociolinguists, dialectologists, historical linguists and syntacticians alike, this book provides a fascinating new picture of the growth and evolution of English around the globe. |
Contents
1 | |
8 | |
13 | |
15 | |
23 Alternative perspectives and issues | 17 |
important in the long run than the recognition that once | 26 |
ignore all the important differences from one historical context territory | 29 |
respectively The STL population regard themselves as full members and | 34 |
55 The Philippines | 140 |
165 It is indicative that in | 144 |
14 observed this a while ago and if Baldauf 2004 | 171 |
The complexity of the sociolinguistic constellations in South Africa | 173 |
As before in the case of India the Dynamic Model | 175 |
This may in | 185 |
510 Kenya | 189 |
Thus during this period initial if highly restricted bilingualism | 191 |
bilingualism develops predominantly among a minority of the local | 35 |
they entail an everincreasing range of contacts with members of | 37 |
95 I call | 49 |
245 The | 58 |
first used to be a foreign temporary destination has now | 60 |
related to broader issues of language use in a given | 65 |
developments are a political issue and hence conflicting opinions will | 68 |
4 Linguistic aspects of nativization | 71 |
of almost 70 varieties worldwide Schneider et al 2004 for | 72 |
Pronunciation tendencies by language types | 77 |
The last type of lexical expansion to be mentioned here | 82 |
number of speakers like the ruts of a wagon | 86 |
421 Degrees of difference | 91 |
with exceptional frequency Such distributional relations are precisely | 93 |
linguistic processes | 97 |
be clear that most of these factors are closely related | 101 |
England and l vocalization in parts of West Africa which | 102 |
case studies | 113 |
51 Fiji | 114 |
614 Secondly despite the limited impact of | 120 |
53 New Zealand | 127 |
Dialect mixture and koineization shaped early New Zealand English as | 128 |
respects New Zealand usage is found to be variable but | 131 |
Taiwan | 134 |
2534 Michieka 2005183 Descriptive work on properties of | 197 |
5123 Phase 3 late 1940s | 204 |
5141 Phase 1 1627ca 1650 | 219 |
5143 Phase 4 1961 | 225 |
2 | 229 |
Greenland ICELAND | 239 |
the British who came later could build upon or inherit | 240 |
5164 Phase 4 ca 1920ca 1970 | 245 |
the emergence | 251 |
Lumbees do have a distinct ethnolinguistic identity which is expressed | 254 |
happened practically all the time koineization occurred so in a | 261 |
and of course Spanish place names in Florida including the | 264 |
in North America there prevails not only the | 270 |
632 Identity constructions | 275 |
633 Sociolinguistic conditions | 276 |
634 Linguistic effects | 278 |
differences between varieties | 282 |
Similar movements can be found elsewhere the Cajun Renaissance to | 294 |
Signaling endangered local identities through language | 297 |
a great expansion geographically and phonologically in the second half | 300 |
research eg Wolfram 1984 Leap 1993 identified unmarked tense in | 303 |
218 and enjoys strong covert prestige SJ Roberts | 307 |
7 Conclusion | 309 |
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Common terms and phrases
accepted adopted ADS strand African Afrikaans American English attitude Australia Australian English basilectal bilingualism British English Canadian Canadian English Caribbean characteristic colonial contexts country’s Creole creolization cultural dialect Dictionary distinctive documented Dynamic Model early emergence endonormative ethnic European example exonormative orientation formal forms of English function grammatical groups homogeneity Hong Kong identity construction IDG strand immigrants important independence Indian English indigenous languages indigenous population innovations Jamaican Jamaican Creole Kachru koineization language contact language shift large numbers lexical linguistic major Malaysian English markers Mufwene Native Americans Nigerian norm observed one’s patterns PCEs percent phase Pidgin political pronunciation regional respect role settlement settlers Singapore Singaporean English Singlish situation slaves social society sociolinguistic South speakers speech spread standard status STL strand structural nativization symbolic tion traditional Trudgill twentieth century types typically usage varieties of English verbs vernacular whites words Zealand Zealand English
References to this book
Language Anxiety: Conflict and Change in the History of English Tim William Machan Limited preview - 2009 |